Definition:
An element is a pure substance made up of only one type of atom.
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History:
Elements were first classified by the ancient Greeks, but it was not until the 18th and 19th centuries that scientists such as Dmitry Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer developed a systematic way of organizing and understanding the elements.
Explanation:
Elements are the building blocks of all matter in the universe. They are characterized by their atomic number, which is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element. The properties of an element are determined by the number and arrangement of its electrons. There are currently 118 known elements, with 92 occurring naturally on Earth.
Examples:
- Hydrogen (H) is the lightest element and is the most abundant element in the universe. It is used in rocket fuel and as a component of many industrial chemicals.
- Oxygen (O) is the third most abundant element in the universe and makes up about 21% of the Earth’s atmosphere. It is necessary for respiration in all living organisms.
- Gold (Au) is a heavy, dense, and valuable metal that has been used for jewelry and currency for thousands of years.
- Carbon (C) is the basis of all known life on Earth and forms the backbone of organic compounds such as DNA and proteins. It also has many industrial uses, including in the production of steel and as a component of various plastics.
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